SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19958, 19959, 20134, 19906, 20031, 20032, 
    20183, 19939, 20197, 20196, 20198, 
    20193, 20194, 20195, 20199, 20200, 
    19930, 19985, 19931, 19932, 19895, 
    19933, 20146, 20143
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00063

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (19958,19959,20134,19906,20031,20032,20183,19939,20197,20196,20198,20193,20194,20195,20199,20200,19930,19985,19931,19932,19895,19933,20146,20143)"
    }
  }
}