SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    19722, 19583, 19824, 19791, 19585, 19587, 
    19825, 19752, 19588, 19753, 19765, 
    19755, 19754, 19764, 19586, 19593, 
    19594, 19624, 19595, 19626, 19627, 
    19625
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00057

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 22,
      "filtered": 77.273,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (19722,19583,19824,19791,19585,19587,19825,19752,19588,19753,19765,19755,19754,19764,19586,19593,19594,19624,19595,19626,19627,19625)"
    }
  }
}