SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    21604, 21607, 21606, 21602, 21599, 21617, 
    21616, 21611, 21595, 21597, 21578, 
    21596, 21577, 21561, 21562, 21563, 
    21610, 21615, 21601, 21598, 21591, 
    21592, 21593, 21594
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00165

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "206",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 25,
      "filtered": 76,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (21604,21607,21606,21602,21599,21617,21616,21611,21595,21597,21578,21596,21577,21561,21562,21563,21610,21615,21601,21598,21591,21592,21593,21594) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}