SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    8816, 15145, 8808, 7341, 7343, 7342, 
    7344, 10061, 7658, 7873, 7875, 7874, 
    7347, 7833, 7823
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00187

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 15,
      "filtered": 80,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (8816,15145,8808,7341,7343,7342,7344,10061,7658,7873,7875,7874,7347,7833,7823)"
    }
  }
}