SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    7656, 7655, 8399, 7386, 7387, 10085, 
    10460, 10086, 10087, 8032, 8033, 8317, 
    8397, 8398, 7455, 8110, 7659, 7657, 
    7340, 7339, 7890, 7891, 7674, 7679
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00583

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (7656,7655,8399,7386,7387,10085,10460,10086,10087,8032,8033,8317,8397,8398,7455,8110,7659,7657,7340,7339,7890,7891,7674,7679)"
    }
  }
}