SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    8835, 8759, 8065, 8460, 8289, 8551, 7416, 
    8153, 7443, 8657, 7653, 7654, 7839, 
    7840, 7841, 7697, 7789, 7902, 7899, 
    7900, 7901, 7609, 7413, 8984
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00061

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (8835,8759,8065,8460,8289,8551,7416,8153,7443,8657,7653,7654,7839,7840,7841,7697,7789,7902,7899,7900,7901,7609,7413,8984)"
    }
  }
}