SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    17174, 17175, 8312, 15411, 16463, 15412, 
    15413, 16464, 18380, 7436, 7437, 7438, 
    7439, 7440, 15302, 15016, 8908, 8181
  )

Query time 0.00131

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 18,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount.product_id in (17174,17175,8312,15411,16463,15412,15413,16464,18380,7436,7437,7438,7439,7440,15302,15016,8908,8181)"
    }
  }
}