SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    8362, 7504, 8371, 8363, 11933, 11932, 
    11931, 10617, 10616, 14647, 15530, 
    15512, 18088, 15799, 15800, 15513, 
    15514, 11907, 9996, 9995, 10615, 10614, 
    11910, 10001
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00274

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (8362,7504,8371,8363,11933,11932,11931,10617,10616,14647,15530,15512,18088,15799,15800,15513,15514,11907,9996,9995,10615,10614,11910,10001)"
    }
  }
}