SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    20206, 19869, 20132, 20207, 20192, 20111, 
    20097, 20098, 20127, 20126, 20101, 
    20100, 20131, 19863, 20104, 20128, 
    20130, 20129, 19866, 19868, 20108, 
    19865, 20226, 19867
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00068

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (20206,19869,20132,20207,20192,20111,20097,20098,20127,20126,20101,20100,20131,19863,20104,20128,20130,20129,19866,19868,20108,19865,20226,19867)"
    }
  }
}