SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    7578, 8876, 8770, 7579, 8769, 7616, 7824
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00076

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 7,
      "filtered": 85.714,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (7578,8876,8770,7579,8769,7616,7824)"
    }
  }
}