SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    7721, 7852, 7722, 7723, 7853, 7724, 7725, 
    7854, 7855, 7632, 7633, 7634, 7726, 
    7727, 11575, 11182, 11183, 12052, 12053, 
    11184, 12049, 12050, 12051, 17636
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00099

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "206",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (7721,7852,7722,7723,7853,7724,7725,7854,7855,7632,7633,7634,7726,7727,11575,11182,11183,12052,12053,11184,12049,12050,12051,17636) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}