SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    20044, 20036, 20088, 20082, 20041, 20035, 
    20067, 20040, 20043, 20037, 20042, 
    20038, 20079
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00060

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 13,
      "filtered": 76.923,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (20044,20036,20088,20082,20041,20035,20067,20040,20043,20037,20042,20038,20079)"
    }
  }
}