SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_categories.storefront_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name as seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path as seo_path, 
  cscart_categories.ab__lc_catalog_image_control, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_category_status, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_color, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_background, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_use_origin_image, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_text, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_show 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_seo_names ON cscart_seo_names.object_id = cscart_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = 'c' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (1203) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '1203/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id != 265 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id != 265 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00145

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_categories.is_trash, cscart_categories.position, cscart_category_descriptions.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "c_status",
            "parent",
            "id_path",
            "p_category_id"
          ],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rows": 16,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "(cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` = 'A' and cscart_categories.id_path like '1203/%' and cscart_categories.category_id <> 265 and cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["admin_test.cscart_categories.category_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "206",
          "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
          "ref": [
            "admin_test.cscart_categories.category_id",
            "const",
            "const",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'c' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id id_path category position status company_id storefront_id seo_name seo_path ab__lc_catalog_image_control ab__fn_category_status ab__fn_label_color ab__fn_label_background ab__fn_use_origin_image ab__fn_label_text ab__fn_label_show
1223 1203 1203/1223 Утюги 0 A 0 0 utyugi 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1209 1203 1203/1209 Посуда 10 A 0 0 posuda 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1207 1203 1203/1207 Ночники 20 A 0 0 nochniki 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1205 1203 1203/1205 Вентилятор 30 A 0 0 ventilyator 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1220 1203 1203/1220 Светильники 40 A 0 0 svetilniki 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1208 1203 1203/1208 Обогреватели 50 A 0 0 obogrevateli 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1214 1203 1203/1214 Робот-пылесос 60 A 0 0 robot-pylesos 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1217 1203 1203/1217 Рюкзаки и сумки 70 A 0 0 ryukzaki-i-sumki 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1221 1203 1203/1221 Увлажнители воздуха 80 A 0 0 uvlazhniteli-vozduha 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1204 1203 1203/1204 Бытовая Техника 90 A 0 0 bytovaya-tehnika 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1206 1203 1203/1206 Наборы Инструментов 100 A 0 0 nabory-instrumentov 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1213 1203 1203/1213 Прочие товары для дома 110 A 0 0 prochie-tovary-dlya-doma 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
1222 1203 1203/1222 Удлинители / Сетевые фильтры 150 A 0 0 udliniteli-setevye-filtry 1203 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y