SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    16449, 8382, 8598, 16450, 10594, 7492, 
    7493, 7713, 7714, 10595, 7598, 14491, 
    17164, 17165
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00085

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "206",
      "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 14,
      "filtered": 78.571,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (16449,8382,8598,16450,10594,7492,7493,7713,7714,10595,7598,14491,17164,17165) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}