SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    4896, 4381, 4361, 4822, 4347, 4343, 4713, 
    4714, 4684, 4718, 4717, 4685, 4715, 
    4716, 5093, 5092, 4804, 5341, 5340, 
    4346, 5206, 4421, 4382, 4780
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00528

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (4896,4381,4361,4822,4347,4343,4713,4714,4684,4718,4717,4685,4715,4716,5093,5092,4804,5341,5340,4346,5206,4421,4382,4780)"
    }
  }
}