SELECT 
  destination_links.*, 
  shipping_delays.* 
FROM 
  cscart_store_location_destination_links AS destination_links 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_store_location_shipping_delays AS shipping_delays ON shipping_delays.store_location_id = destination_links.store_location_id 
  AND shipping_delays.destination_id = destination_links.destination_id 
  AND shipping_delays.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  destination_links.store_location_id IN (
    144, 57, 149, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 147, 64, 
    65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 76, 77, 81, 74, 75, 
    70, 72, 73, 69, 78, 79, 82, 61, 80, 83, 
    84, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 
    138, 139, 140, 148, 150
  )

Query time 0.00321

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "destination_links",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": ["idx_store_location_destination"],
      "rows": 160,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "destination_links.store_location_id in (144,57,149,56,58,60,62,63,147,64,65,66,67,68,71,76,77,81,74,75,70,72,73,69,78,79,82,61,80,83,84,128,129,130,131,133,135,136,138,139,140,148,150)"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shipping_delays",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "12",
      "used_key_parts": ["store_location_id", "destination_id", "lang_code"],
      "ref": [
        "admin_test.destination_links.store_location_id",
        "admin_test.destination_links.destination_id",
        "const"
      ],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(shipping_delays.lang_code = 'ru')"
    }
  }
}