SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    7711, 7712, 7175, 8750, 7719, 7958, 8346, 
    7174, 8709, 7494, 17107, 16452, 7495
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00054

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 13,
      "filtered": 76.923,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (7711,7712,7175,8750,7719,7958,8346,7174,8709,7494,17107,16452,7495)"
    }
  }
}