SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    8582, 7546, 8564, 8544, 8951, 8201, 8953, 
    8954, 8545, 7252, 7544, 7545, 8163, 
    8200, 7985, 8468, 8272, 8469, 7250, 
    7251, 8532, 8796, 8470, 8910
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 115 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00056

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 75,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 115 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (8582,7546,8564,8544,8951,8201,8953,8954,8545,7252,7544,7545,8163,8200,7985,8468,8272,8469,7250,7251,8532,8796,8470,8910)"
    }
  }
}